Flying-machine.



L. MARSGHALL. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION TILED MAILZB, 1914.

1,1 17,585. Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

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L. MARSGHALL. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 28, 1914.

1,1 17,585. Patented Nov. 17, 1914.

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FLYING-MACHINE.

Bpeciflcation of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 17,1914.

Application filled March 28, 1914. Serial No. 827,959.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUDWIG Mansorrann, a subject of the GermanEmperor, residing at New York in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin IjlyingMachines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to machines for navigatin the air and has for its object to unitate t e flying of large birds, as eagles, etc.

The invention consists in certain novel features in construction and combination of parts, as will be hereinafter fully described and set forth in the annexed claims.

It comprises a skeleton frame work equipped with two conchylaceous win s, or

wings that are so shaped as to resemb e the wings or large birds and whereby the {principle involved in the. maneuvers by ying birds will be complied with. The wings are arranged or hinged on horizontal axes and by suitable means are adapted to be moved u and down so that, owing to their shape, tlib air pressure will affect the machine in two directions, to wit, in a vertical direction which is due to the vertical reaction owing to which the machine will be lifted, and in a forward direction owing to the air pressure against the circularly curved, forward surfaces of the wings.

Another object of my invention is to provide the wings with suitable counterbalancing means, so that the force required to move the wings during the flight or at the start will be greatly reduced.

My invention will be fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference characters denote corresponding parts and in which- Figure 1 is a rear elevation of the flying machine; Fig. 2 is a top plan view thereof; Fig. 3 is an enlarged section on line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the motion transmitting means and Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of a wing on line 5-5 of Fig. 2.

Referring specifically to the drawing 1 denotes a skeleton frame work of any suitable construction in which are journaled two horizontal spindles 2. These spindles carry each a pair of rocking levers 3, 3 which in the present example of my invention are angular levers reinforced b braces 3 At one end each pair of an n ar levers carry a horizontal spindle 4 an at the other end a counterbalancing weight 5.

Suitably fastened to the spindle 4 are wings 6 one on each side of the machine, which by rocking the lever 3, 3 are swun in vertical direction u and down. Eac wing consists of a lig t but strong frame Work composed of slats 9, 9 and 9 and canvas 10 or other suitable material stifi'- ened at its edges and curved by suitable means to 've the wing a conchylaceous shape, as s own in the drawings, particularly in Figs. 2, 3 and 5. The front edge 10 of each wing is shaped substantially as shown in Fig. 2, z. e. at its outer free end 10 the wing is almost pointed, that is to say, the front edge 10 almost coincides with the rear edge 10 and then gradually curves out wardly to a point at which the wing is largest in width. From this point it is curved first inwardly and then a ain outwardly.

The rear edge 10 of sec wing is straight. In cross section as seen from Fig. 3 the surface of the wing rises gradually from its rear edge 10 and then makes a circular curve downwardly to the front edge 10 which lies in the same plane as the rear edge 10*. At the inner end, as at 10", each wing is curved in the arc of a circle downwardly and its edge 10 is curved inwardly and upwardly as seen from Fig. 5. By reason of this shape when the wing is swung downwardly the air will flow in the direction indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2, and while the vertical resultant of the air pressure will lift the machine, the pressure against the curved forward surface will propel it forwardly. A part of the air will flow toward and into the hollow 10 formed by the curved edge 10, whereby the air pressure w be deflected upwardly against the wing nd tend to swing the wings back into lifted position. The weights 5 and spring 6 serve as counterbalancing means for the wings. Instead of the weights and the spring, or in addition thereto, other counterbalancing means may be provided; as for instance, a pneumatic counterbalancing mechanism, such as shown at 7 in Fig. 1.

The 0 eration of the levers 3, 3 may be accomplished in any suitable manner. In

the present example I have shown levers 8 pivoted at 8' to arms 8 and connected to rocking bars 11. The arms 8 are fixed to arms 8 which are rotatively mounted on the spindles 2 (Fig. 4:) and engage at their upper ends the spindles 4 (Fig. 3-) which carry the wings 6. The rocking bars may be driven by hand, or, as shown in the resent example, from a. motor 12 which t rough suitable transmission gears imparts motion to a ear 13. By means of a crank 14: motion is transmitted in any suitable manner to the rocking bar 8.

7 Since various modifications may be made in the construction of the machine by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of my invention, I do not wish to limit myself to the details shown and described,

LUDWIG MARSCHALL. Witnesses E. D. JUNIOR, .MAX D. ORDMANN. 

